Which advancement in medical imaging arose in the mid-20th century?

The advancement in medical imaging that arose in the mid-20th century is the introduction of CT (Computed Tomography) scans. This technology was developed in the early 1970s by Sir Godfrey Hounsfield and Dr. Allan Cormack, who were instrumental in creating a method to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body through the use of X-ray technology combined with computer processing. CT scans provided a significant advancement over traditional X-rays, as they allow for a three-dimensional view of the anatomy, improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling better evaluation of complex medical conditions.

In contrast, while X-rays were indeed becoming more commonly used during this period, their development predates the mid-20th century. Similarly, MRI technology emerged later in the 1970s and 1980s, and although ultrasound imaging gained popularity in the mid-20th century, it was not as groundbreaking as the introduction of CT scans in terms of the revolution it brought to medical imaging practices and capabilities.