What did the establishment of modern sewage systems primarily aim to address?

The establishment of modern sewage systems primarily aimed to control the spread of infectious diseases. In the 19th century, public health crises often stemmed from contaminated water sources and inadequate waste disposal. Sewage systems were developed to safely transport human waste away from populated areas and into treatment facilities or away from residential zones, significantly reducing the incidence of diseases such as cholera and typhoid, which were commonly linked to poor sanitation and contaminated water.

Improving sewage systems enabled communities to manage waste effectively, contributing to a healthier living environment. The success of these systems in decreasing outbreaks of diseases exemplifies their importance in public health initiatives during this period. By addressing the pollution of waterways with human waste, modern sewage systems played a crucial role in safeguarding public health and preventing disease transmission.